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The other regulated legal professions of England and Wales, on one footing

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What the regulators report about themselves

157 documents from 8 regulators, going back to 2005. A register says who is authorised today. These say how many joined, how many complained, and how big each profession was ten years ago — and they are scattered across six websites in 157 separate PDFs.

Every figure below is quoted with the sentence it came from and a link to the document. That is deliberate: a number lifted out of a hundred PDFs with nothing but a citation beneath it is impossible to check, and a wrong one looks exactly like a right one.

Each figure is the regulator's own, for its own reporting year, counted its own way. They are not added together and they are not compared across regulators: the Faculty Office counts a Roll at 1 April, the CLC a licence at 31 March and IPReg a registration at 31 December, and no single total of those means anything.

What regulation costs, per regulated person

Every one of these regulators publishes its income. Every one publishes how many people it regulates. None of them divides the first by the second, and no two of them are in the same document, so the figure below has not been available anywhere.

ProfessionPer person, per year IncomePeopleYear What is in the figure
Notaries public £861 £654,325 760 2025 Practising certificate fees, against the Roll at 1 April. Excludes the Contingency Fund, which pays for complaints and is accounted for separately.
Costs lawyers £296 £226,024 763 2025 Almost entirely practising certificate fees.
Patent and trade mark attorneys £249 £921,708 3,695 2024 Attorneys' practice fees only. IPReg charges firms as well, and that income is not in this figure, so the true cost per attorney is higher.

Both halves of each sum are the same regulator’s own figures for the same year. Where a regulator’s income and its headcount have no year in common, no number is printed: Licensed conveyancers — CLC income from practice fees and Licensed conveyancers have no year in common: CLC income from practice fees runs 2011-2024 and Licensed conveyancers runs 2025-2026.Regulated immigration advisers — Immigration adviser regulator's expenditure and Advisers the regulator authorises have no year in common: Immigration adviser regulator's expenditure runs 2015-2016 and Advisers the regulator authorises runs 2006-2008.

These are not like-for-like and the column above says how each differs. They are worth putting side by side anyway, because a difference of three and a half times between the cheapest and the dearest is larger than any of the caveats.

The whole regulated profession, and this site’s corner of it

The Legal Services Board publishes the one figure no regulator here can: how many people the whole regulated legal profession contains, broken down by regulator. As at April 2023 it was 192,026.

ProfessionIndividuals Share
Solicitors 160,442 83.6%
Barristers 17,225 9.0%
Chartered legal executives 7,321 3.8%
Patent and trade mark attorneys 3,306 1.7%
Licensed conveyancers 1,733 0.9%
Notaries 743 0.4%
Costs lawyers 694 0.4%
Chartered accountants (probate) 562 0.3%

The four professions this site covers that are regulated in their own right come to 6,476 people — 3.4% of the regulated legal profession. Solicitors are 84% of it on their own.

The same reports give the total back to 2011, which is the only long run of it anywhere:

YearRegulated Change
2011 147,000 —
2012 148,000 +0.7%
2013 163,000 +10.1%
2014 166,000 +1.8%
2015 170,000 +2.4%
2016 173,000 +1.8%
2017 177,000 +2.3%
2018 177,000 0.0%
2019 177,000 0.0%
2020 174,000 -1.7%
2021 184,569 +6.1%
2022 185,000 +0.2%
2023 192,026 +3.8%
2024 197,000 +2.6%
2025 203,143 +3.1%

Most years are given rounded — “almost 177,000”, “over 192,000” — and the figures page shows which. The 10% jump between 2012 and 2013 is too large to be growth, and neither report explains it.

The LSB has restated this table. Its Summary of Annual Report 2022/23 gives 191,162 for the same date; LSB Summary annual report and accounts 2023 to 2024 gives 192,026. Both totals are as the reports print them, and each adds up to its own rows exactly. The later one is used here.

How the regulators themselves are rated

The Legal Services Board oversees every approved regulator and rates each one sufficient, partial or insufficient against three standards. Four of the six regulators whose reports this site reads are in its 2025 assessment — and so are the two that between them cover more than 90% of regulated legal professionals.

Regulator Well-ledEffective approach to regulationOperational delivery
Costs Lawyer Standards Board CLSB sufficient sufficient sufficient
Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales ICAEW partial sufficient sufficient
Intellectual Property Regulation Board IPReg sufficient partial sufficient
Council for Licensed Conveyancers CLC partial sufficient partial
CILEx Regulation CRL partial partial partial
Faculty Office FO partial partial partial
Solicitors Regulation Authority SRA partial partial insufficient
Bar Standards Board BSB insufficient partial insufficient

Read from LSB regulatory performance assessment 2025. The ordering is by rating, best first. Nothing here is this site’s judgement of a regulator: every word in the table is the oversight regulator’s own.

What this site counts, and what the regulator counts

These do not agree, and the disagreement is the point. This site counts the rows in a published register on the day it was read. A regulator counts certificates in force at its own year end. They were never the same population, and nobody publishing either number tells you which one you are looking at.

ProfessionOn the register here The regulator’s own figure DifferenceWhat is being compared
Licensed conveyancers 2,428 2,064 — licensed conveyancers, 31 March 2026 +364 The CLC's figure counts individual licences. This site's register includes people the CLC publishes who do not hold one in their own name.
Costs lawyers 789 763 — costs lawyers the clsb regulates, 2025 +26 Both are the whole profession. The CLSB closes its count on 31 December; this site's snapshot is nine months later, and the CLSB reports 52 new entrants a year.
Patent and trade mark attorneys 3,924 3,809 — attorneys on ipreg's registers, 2025 +115 Both are the whole register; the dates differ by nine months, over which IPReg's own reports show the register growing by about a hundred a year.
Notaries public 817 777 — notaries holding a practising certificate, 2026 +40 Everyone the Faculty Office's public directory returns, against the number who took out a practising certificate for the year. The directory carries no status flag, so a notary who has not renewed cannot be told apart from one who has.

None of these gaps is an error by anybody. Where a regulator explains the difference itself, the explanation is the one given; where it does not, the gap is stated and left alone.

Where the two agree

The comparison runs the other way for intake, and there it comes out exactly. The Costs Lawyer Standards Board reports 52 new entrants to the profession in 2025. Counting qualification years on the register this site holds gives 52. Nobody published that second figure, and nothing here was adjusted to make the two meet.

IPReg publishes its admissions too, and there the two differ in the way they have to: its figure counts everyone admitted that year, while a count taken from today’s register can only see the ones still on it. IPReg is higher in all six years — 173 against 162, 116 against 108, 258 against 230, 169 against 168, 225 against 211, 200 against 197 — and the gap is the attrition since.

Figures the regulator has since changed

A regulator’s annual report is not a permanent record of what it said. 3 figures here appear in more than one report with more than one value, with no note anywhere saying the number moved. The later statement is used, and both are shown.

FigureYearFirst said Now saysRestated in
Complaints about regulated advisers 2010 291 316 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
Immigration complaints received, all sources 2010 340 438 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
Immigration complaints received, all sources 2012 425 461 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2016 to 2017

The figures, by year

56 measures, 268 yearly figures, grouped by the profession each describes. A gap in a run means the document that would have carried it is not on the regulator’s site, not that the number is zero.

Notaries public

Notarial practices inspected

The Faculty Office

YearinspectionsRead from
2021 18 Inspections KPI data sheet 2021 to 2022
“…22 notaries for an inspection of which two retired, one sold his business and one contracted long covid so a total of 18 inspections were carried out.”
2023 19 Annual Anti-money laundering report 2023
“A total of 19 inspections were carried out during this period, including a group thematic inspection (i.e., more than one notary).”
2024 24 Annual Anti-money laundering report 2024
“18 A total of 24 inspections were carried out during this period of which three related to the same umbrella group.”

Notaries holding a practising certificate

The Faculty Office

YearpeopleRead from
2025 760 Registrars annual report 2026
“In the practising year ended 31 October 2025, 760 notaries had a current practising certificate (up from 755 in practising year 2024 and 743 in practising year 2023).”
2026 777 Registrars annual report 2026
“However, in the current practising year to 31 October 2026, 777 notaries took out a practising certificate; 71 individuals eligible to apply did not submit an application for a practising certificate.”

New notaries admitted

The Faculty Office

YearpeopleRead from
2025 51 Registrars annual report 2026
“During the course of the calendar year 2025 the Master admitted 51 new notaries – so the growth of numbers in the profession is being maintained with once again a small increase.”

Students passing the UCL notarial course

The Faculty Office

YearpeopleRead from
2026 41 Registrars annual report 2026
“In addition, the Master has also admitted 7 new notaries so far in 2025/26; we have also been advised that 41 students have successfully passed the UCL course at the first sitting with more likely to follow after the second/retake exam.”

Certificates of Exemption issued

The Faculty Office

YearcertificatesRead from
2026 121 Registrars annual report 2026
“In total, 121 Certificates of Exemption were issued in the April 25 – March 26 period; the 73 additional Certificates to those detailed above being candidates…”

Complaints received about notaries

The Faculty Office

YearcomplaintsRead from
2026 36 Registrars annual report 2026
“During the reporting period, the Faculty Office received 36 complaints concerning notaries public.”

Notaries on the Roll

The Faculty Office

YearpeopleRead from
2017 775 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics’ 2018'
“The number of Notaries on the Roll as at 1 April 2018 is 758 (2017: 775).”
2018 758 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics’ 2019'
“The number of Notaries on the Roll as at 1 April 2019 is 751 (2018: 758).”
2019 751 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“The number of Notaries on the Roll as at 1 April 2020 is 747 (2019: 751).”
2020 747 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“The number of Notaries on the Roll as at 1 April 2020 is 747 (2019: 751).”
2022 725 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“The number of Notaries on the Roll as at 1 April 2023 is 742 (2022: 725).”
2023 742 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“The number of Notaries on the Roll as at 1 April 2023 is 742 (2022: 725).”
2024 755 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“The number of Notaries on the Roll as at 1 April 2025 is 760 (2024: 755).”
2025 760 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“The number of Notaries on the Roll as at 1 April 2025 is 760 (2024: 755).”

Faculty Office income

The Faculty Office

Year£Read from
2018 430,202 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics’ 2019'
“Total Income Year ended 31 March 2019: £451,748 (31/3/2018: £430,202)”
2019 451,748 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“Total Income Year ended 31 March 2020: £478,139 (31/3/2019: £451,748)”
2020 478,139 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“Total Income Year ended 31 March 2020: £478,139”
2022 633,250 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“Total Income Year ended 31 March 2023: £623,595 (31/3/2022: £633,250)”
2023 623,595 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“Total Income Year ended 31 March 2023: £623,595”
2024 584,463 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“Total Income Year ended 31 March 2025: £654,325 (31/3/2024: £584,463)”
2025 654,325 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“Total Income Year ended 31 March 2025: £654,325”

Faculty Office expenditure

The Faculty Office

Year£Read from
2018 420,316 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics’ 2019'
“Total Expenditure Year ended 31 March 2019 £462,693 (31/3/2018 £420,316)”
2019 462,693 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“Total Expenditure Year ended 31 March 2020 £511,333 (31/3/2019 £462,693)”
2020 511,333 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“Total Expenditure Year ended 31 March 2020 £511,333”
2022 425,971 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“Total Expenditure Year ended 31 March 2023 £440,952 (31/3/2022 £425,971)”
2023 440,952 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“Total Expenditure Year ended 31 March 2023 £440,952”
2024 560,614 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“Total Expenditure Year ended 31 March 2025 £589,655 (31/3/2024 £560,614)”
2025 589,655 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“Total Expenditure Year ended 31 March 2025 £589,655”

Faculty Office staff costs

The Faculty Office

Year£Read from
2018 221,014 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics’ 2019'
“Staff costs Year ended 31 March 2019 £220,875 (31/3/2018; £221,014)”
2019 220,875 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“Staff costs Year ended 31 March 2020 £223,301 (31/3/2019; £220,875)”
2020 223,301 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“Staff costs Year ended 31 March 2020 £223,301”
2022 173,709 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“Staff costs Year ended 31 March 2023 £198,027 (31/3/2022; £173,709)”
2023 198,027 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“Staff costs Year ended 31 March 2023 £198,027”
2024 224,569 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“Staff costs Year ended 31 March 2025 £238,271 (31/3/2024; £224,569)”
2025 238,271 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“Staff costs Year ended 31 March 2025 £238,271”

Faculty Office staff, full-time equivalent

The Faculty Office

YearFTERead from
2017 3.5 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics’ 2018'
“Staff Count As at 31 March 2018 3.5 full time equivalent (2017: 3.5)”
2018 3.5 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics’ 2019'
“Staff Count As at 31 March 2019 3.5 full time equivalent (2018: 3.5)”
2019 3.5 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“Staff Count As at 31 March 2020 3.5 full time equivalent (2019: 3.5)”
2020 3.5 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“Staff Count As at 31 March 2020 3.5”
2022 2.9 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“Staff Count As at 31 March 2023 full time equivalent 3.0 (2022: 2.9)”
2023 3 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“Staff Count As at 31 March 2023 full time equivalent 3.0”
2024 3.6 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“Staff Count As at 31 March 2025 full time equivalent 3.4 (2024: 3.6)”
2025 3.4 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“Staff Count As at 31 March 2025 full time equivalent 3.4”

Faculty Office deficit

The Faculty Office

Year£Read from
2018 198,857 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics’ 2019'
“As at 31 March 2019, there was a deficit of £209,802 (31/3/2018 £198,857).”
2019 209,802 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“As at 31 March 2020, there was a deficit of £242,996 (31/3/2019 £209,802).”
2020 242,996 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
“As at 31 March 2020, there was a deficit of £242,996 (31/3/2019 £209,802).”

Faculty Office reserve

The Faculty Office

Year£Read from
2022 90,072 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“As at 31 March 2023, there was a reserve of £272,716 (31/3/2022: £90,072).”
2023 272,716 Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2022-2023'
“As at 31 March 2023, there was a reserve of £272,716 (31/3/2022: £90,072).”
2024 296,565 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“As at 31 March 2025, there was a reserve of £361,234 (31/3/2024: £296,565).”
2025 361,234 Faculty Office ‘Core Metrics 2024-25
“As at 31 March 2025, there was a reserve of £361,234 (31/3/2024: £296,565).”

Women in the notarial profession

The Faculty Office

Year%Read from
2011 24.8 Diversity Report 2023
“Today 72.3% of women aged 16 to 64 are in the work force.12 The percentage of women in the notarial profession has gone up from 24.8% in 2011 to 36% in 2023.”
2023 36 Diversity Report 2023
“Today 72.3% of women aged 16 to 64 are in the work force.12 The percentage of women in the notarial profession has gone up from 24.8% in 2011 to 36% in 2023.”

Women among notaries with under five years' experience

The Faculty Office

Year%Read from
2023 55 Diversity Report 2023
“For new entrants to the profession (those who are 0–4-years' PQE) 55% of notaries are female.”

Notaries from an ethnic minority background

The Faculty Office

Year%Read from
2023 16.7 Diversity Report 2023
“72% of the profession is white and 16.7% from the ethnic minority community – 81.7% of the overall UK workforce is white19.”

Notaries identifying as having a disability

The Faculty Office

Year%Read from
2023 3 Diversity Report 2023
“…professions come close to this benchmark with 6% of barristers and legal executives and 5% of solicitors and 3% of notaries identifying as having some form of disability.”

Notaries who attended a fee-paying school

The Faculty Office

Year%Read from
2020 27.5 Diversity Report 2023
“This represents a slight reduction from 27.5% in 2020 and indicates that new entrants to the profession are more diverse in this respect.”
2023 25 Diversity Report 2023
“…the other legal professions have significantly higher fee-paying school attendees with 23% of solicitors26, 25% of notaries and 34% of barristers in that category27.”

Costs lawyers

Costs lawyers invited to the CLSB survey

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

YearpeopleRead from
2023 687 Costs Lawyers: Diversity in the profession 2023
“A total of 687 practitioners were contacted, of whom 242 responded, representing 35% of the profession.”
2024 701 2024 Diversity Survey
“A total of 701 practitioners were contacted, of whom 159 responded, representing 23% of the profession.”
2025 746 2025 Diversity Survey
“A total of 746 practitioners were contacted, of whom 169 responded, representing 22.6% of the profession.”

First-tier complaints about costs lawyers

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

YearcomplaintsRead from
2011 7 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2020
“2011 · 7 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2015 6 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2015 · 6 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2016 1 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2016 · 1 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2017 3 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2017 · 3 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2018 3 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2018 · 3 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2019 5 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2019 · 5 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2020 3 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2020 · 3 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2021 4 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2021 · 4 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2022 5 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2022 · 5 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2023 8 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2023 · 8 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2024 5 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2024 · 5 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””
2025 6 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2025 · 6 — column 1 of 1 in the table under “Number of first tier complaints made””

Conduct complaints made to the CLSB

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

YearcomplaintsRead from
2022 3 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2022 · 3 · 1 · 0 · 0 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Second tier complaints””
2023 7 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2023 · 7 · 0 · 0 · 0 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Second tier complaints””
2024 2 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2024 · 2 · 2 · 11 · 0 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Second tier complaints””
2025 7 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2025 · 7 · 3 · 1 · 0 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Second tier complaints””

Service complaints made to the Legal Ombudsman

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

YearcomplaintsRead from
2022 0 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2022 · 3 · 1 · 0 · 0 — column 3 of 4 in the table under “Second tier complaints””
2023 0 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2023 · 7 · 0 · 0 · 0 — column 3 of 4 in the table under “Second tier complaints””
2024 11 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2024 · 2 · 2 · 11 · 0 — column 3 of 4 in the table under “Second tier complaints””
2025 1 Costs Lawyer Profession in 2025
“2025 · 7 · 3 · 1 · 0 — column 3 of 4 in the table under “Second tier complaints””

Women among costs lawyers responding to the CLSB survey

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

Year%Read from
2023 52.1 Costs Lawyers: Diversity in the profession 2023
“4 In 2023, 52.1% of respondents were women (126 individuals) and 44.6% were men (108 individuals).”

Costs lawyers responding to the CLSB survey who are Black, Asian, mixed or another ethnic minority

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

Year%Read from
2023 10.3 Costs Lawyers: Diversity in the profession 2023
“7 In 2023, 10.3% of respondents identified as Black, Asian, Mixed or multiple ethnic backgrounds (25 individuals).”

Costs lawyers the CLSB regulates

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

YearpeopleRead from
2025 763 annual report 2025
“Costs Lawyers regulated New entrants to the Renewal rate for 2025 on 31 December 2025 Costs Law profession 763”

New entrants to the costs lawyer profession

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

YearpeopleRead from
2025 52 annual report 2025
“New entrants to the Renewal rate for 2025 on 31 December 2025 Costs Law profession 763 96% 52”

CLSB income

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

Year£Read from
2025 226,024 annual report 2025
“Financial Summary 2025 2025 Budget £ Actual £ Variance £ Income1 225,315 226,024”

Licensed conveyancers

Candidates sitting CLC examinations

Council for Licensed Conveyancers

YearcandidatesRead from
2010 585 Annual Report 2010
“A total of 585 candidates sat CLC examinations in 2010.”

Candidates achieving the CLC pass mark

Council for Licensed Conveyancers

YearcandidatesRead from
2010 401 Annual Report 2010
“Of these candidates, 401 achieved the required pass mark – a success rate of 68.5%.”

CLC income from practice fees

Council for Licensed Conveyancers

Year£Read from
2011 1,452,321 Annual Report 2011
“Practice fees 1,452,321”
2013 1,431,549 CLC Annual Accounts 2013
“Practice Fees 1,431,549”
2015 1,815,060 The CLC Annual Financial Statements for 2015
“Practice fees 1 815 060”
2016 2,122,632 CLC Annual Financial Statements for 2016
“Practice fees 2 122 632”
2017 2,041,515 CLC Annual Financial Statements for 2017
“Practice fees 2 041 515”
2018 2,111,025 CLC Annual Financial Statements 2018
“Practice fees 2 111 025”
2019 2,005,426 CLC Annual Financial Statements 2019
“Practice fees 2 005 426”
2020 1,576,383 CLC Annual Financial Statements 2020
“Practice fees 1 576 383”
2021 1,606,222 CLC Annual Financial Statements 2021
“Practice fees 1 606 222”
2022 1,390,791 CLC Annual Financial Statements 2022
“Practice fees 1 390 791”
2023 1,686,929 CLC Annual Financial Statements 2023
“Practice fees 1 686 929”
2024 1,773,133 CLC Annual Financial Statements 2024
“Practice fees 1 773 133”

Licensed conveyancers

Council for Licensed Conveyancers

YearpeopleRead from
31 December 2025 2,019 CLC -Key Indicators Q4 2025
“As at 31 December 2025, there are 2,019 licensed individuals.”
31 March 2026 2,064 CLC - Key Indicators Q1 2026
“As at 31 March 2026, there are 2,064 licensed individuals.”

Practices the CLC regulates

Council for Licensed Conveyancers

YearfirmsRead from
31 December 2025 199 CLC -Key Indicators Q4 2025
“number of CLC regulated practices by legal structure and regulatory authorisation as at 31 December 2025. Recognised Practices b … dy Limited Company 81 81 162 Limited Liability Partnership 7 5 12 Partnership 10 - 10 Sole Practitioner 15 - 15 Total 113 86 199”
31 March 2026 202 CLC - Key Indicators Q1 2026
“number of CLC regulated practices by legal structure and regulatory authorisation as at 31 March 2026. Recognised Practices by E … dy Limited Company 81 84 165 Limited Liability Partnership 7 5 12 Partnership 10 - 10 Sole Practitioner 15 - 15 Total 113 89 202”

Monitoring inspections by the CLC

Council for Licensed Conveyancers

YearinspectionsRead from
2015 63 The CLC Annual Report on 2015
“Monitoring Inspections We undertook 63 monitoring inspections during the year against a target of 50.”
2016 70 CLC Annual Report on 2016
“Monitoring Inspections In 2016 we undertook 70 monitoring inspections against a target of 50.”
2017 83 CLC Annual Report on 2017
“Monitoring In 2017 we undertook 83 monitoring inspections against a plan for 80.”
2020 58 CLC Annual Report 2020
“In 2020 we undertook 58 monitoring inspections.”
2023 41 CLC Annual Report 2023
“randomly and used to identify issues with client monies We undertook 41 monitoring inspections in 2023.”

Legal Ombudsman enquiries about CLC-regulated practices

Council for Licensed Conveyancers

YearenquiriesRead from
2018 468 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2018 · 468 · 163 · 304 · 304 · – · 1 — column 1 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2019 598 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2019 · 598 · 270 · 324 · 323 · 1 · 4 — column 1 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2020 678 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2020 · 678 · 253 · 384 · 382 · 2 · 41 — column 1 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2021 1,053 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2021 · 1,053 · 545 · 450 · 444 · 6 · 58 — column 1 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2022 1,306 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2022 · 1,306 · 826 · 420 · 368 · 52 · 60 — column 1 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2023 1,048 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2023 · 1,048 · 627 · 218 · 193 · 25 · 203 — column 1 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””

Ombudsman cases accepted for investigation

Council for Licensed Conveyancers

YearcasesRead from
2018 304 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2018 · 468 · 163 · 304 · 304 · – · 1 — column 3 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2019 324 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2019 · 598 · 270 · 324 · 323 · 1 · 4 — column 3 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2020 384 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2020 · 678 · 253 · 384 · 382 · 2 · 41 — column 3 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2021 450 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2021 · 1,053 · 545 · 450 · 444 · 6 · 58 — column 3 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2022 420 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2022 · 1,306 · 826 · 420 · 368 · 52 · 60 — column 3 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””
2023 218 CLC Key Indicators Q1 2025
“2023 · 1,048 · 627 · 218 · 193 · 25 · 203 — column 3 of 6 in the table under “OLC Case volumes for””

Regulated immigration advisers

Complaints about regulated advisers

Immigration Advice Authority

YearcomplaintsRead from
2001 120 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2001/02 · 120 · 178 · 91 · 389 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2002 120 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2002/03 · 120 · 204 · 178 · 502 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2003 138 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2003/04 · 138 · 217 · 116 · 471 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2004 238 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2004/05 · 238 · 163 · 140 · 541 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2005 255 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2005/06 · 255 · 170 · 143 · 568 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2006 239 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2006/07 · 239 · 114 · 144 · 497 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2007 238 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2007/08 · 238 · 98 · 158 · 494 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2008 280 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2008/09 · 280 · 116 · 105 · 501 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2009 379 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2009/10 · 379 · 74 · 125 · 578 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2010 316 — restated from 291 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2010/11 · 316 · 68 · 54 · 438 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2011 296 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2011/12 · 296 · 54 · 142 · 492 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2012 290 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2016 to 2017
“2012/13 · 290 · 58 · 113 · 461 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2013 268 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“2013/14 · 268 · 52 · 144 · 464 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2014 195 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“2014/15 · 195 · 52 · 147 · 394 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2015 225 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“2015/16 · 225 · 18 · 158 · 401 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2016 166 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“2016/17 · 166 · 26 · 146 · 338 — column 1 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2017 142 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“In 2017/18 we received 142 complaints about registered organisations, compared with 166 in 2016/17 and 225 in 2015/16.”
2019 113 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2020 - 21 WEB
“In 2020/21 we received 67 complaints against regulated advisers compared to 113 received in the previous business year, 83% of which were resolved within five months compared to 87% resolved in (2019/20).”
2020 67 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2021 - 22
“In 2021/22 we received 92 complaints against regulated advisers compared to 67 received in the previous business year, 86% of which were resolved within five months compared to 83% resolved in (2020/21).”
2021 92 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2021 - 22
“In 2021/22 we received 92 complaints against regulated advisers compared to 67 received in the previous business year, 86% of which were resolved within five…”
2022 69 OISC Annual Report and Accounts: 2022 to 2023
“In 2022/23, we received 69 new claimants completing the new complaints against regulated”
2023 90 Annual Report and Accounts 2024/2025
“In 2024/25, we received 182 new complaints concerning IAA regulated advisers (comparative with 90 in 2023/24).”
2024 182 Annual Report and Accounts 2024/2025
“In 2024/25, we received 182 new complaints concerning IAA regulated advisers (comparative with 90 in 2023/24).”

Immigration complaints received, all sources

Immigration Advice Authority

YearcomplaintsRead from
2001 389 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2001/02 · 120 · 178 · 91 · 389 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2002 502 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2002/03 · 120 · 204 · 178 · 502 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2003 471 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2003/04 · 138 · 217 · 116 · 471 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2004 541 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2004/05 · 238 · 163 · 140 · 541 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2005 568 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2005/06 · 255 · 170 · 143 · 568 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2006 497 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2006/07 · 239 · 114 · 144 · 497 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2007 494 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2007/08 · 238 · 98 · 158 · 494 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2008 501 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2008/09 · 280 · 116 · 105 · 501 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2009 578 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2009/10 · 379 · 74 · 125 · 578 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2010 438 — restated from 340 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2010/11 · 316 · 68 · 54 · 438 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2011 492 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2011/12 · 296 · 54 · 142 · 492 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2012 461 — restated from 425 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2016 to 2017
“2012/13 · 290 · 58 · 113 · 461 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2013 464 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“2013/14 · 268 · 52 · 144 · 464 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2014 394 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“2014/15 · 195 · 52 · 147 · 394 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2015 401 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“2015/16 · 225 · 18 · 158 · 401 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2016 338 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“2016/17 · 166 · 26 · 146 · 338 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2017 297 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“2017/18 · 142 · 21 · 134 · 297 — column 4 of 4 in the table under “Breakdown of total complaints received””
2019 227 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2019-20 WEB
“Complaints about unregulated advisers 87 regulatory scheme and the OISC’s Code of Total number of complaints received 227”

Prosecutions for unregulated immigration advice

Immigration Advice Authority

YearprosecutionsRead from
2001 1 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2001/02 · 1 · 0 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2002 8 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2002/03 · 8 · 1 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2003 13 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2003/04 · 13 · 3 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2004 7 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2004/05 · 7 · 3 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2005 14 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2005/06 · 14 · 8 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2006 8 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2006/07 · 8 · 5 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2007 15 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2007/08 · 15 · 28 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2008 13 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2008/09 · 13 · 27 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2009 26 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2009/10 · 26 · 9 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2010 24 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2010/11 · 24 · 8 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2011 14 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2011/12 · 14 · 4 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2012 25 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2012/13 · 25 · 11 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2013 14 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2013/14 · 14 · 3 — column 1 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””

Formal cautions administered instead of prosecution

Immigration Advice Authority

YearcautionsRead from
2001 0 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2001/02 · 1 · 0 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2002 1 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2002/03 · 8 · 1 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2003 3 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2003/04 · 13 · 3 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2004 3 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2004/05 · 7 · 3 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2005 8 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2005/06 · 14 · 8 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2006 5 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2006/07 · 8 · 5 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2007 28 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2007/08 · 15 · 28 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2008 27 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2008/09 · 13 · 27 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2009 9 Annual report and accounts, 2012 to 2013
“2009/10 · 26 · 9 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2010 8 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2010/11 · 24 · 8 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2011 4 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2011/12 · 14 · 4 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2012 11 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2012/13 · 25 · 11 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””
2013 3 Annual report and accounts 2013 to 2014
“2013/14 · 14 · 3 — column 2 of 2 in the table under “Breakdown of prosecutions””

Advisers the regulator authorises

Immigration Advice Authority

YearpeopleRead from
2006 3,629 Annual report and accounts of the Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner 2005/06 - Full Text
“ANNUAL REPORT 2005/06 3,629 advisers were regulated by the OISC at 31 March 2006.”
2007 3,915 Annual report and accounts, 2006 to 2007
“ANNUAL REPORT 2006/07 3,915 Total number of regulated advisers as at 31 March 2007”
2008 4,061 Annual report and accounts, 2007 to 2008
“ANNUAL REPORT 2007/08 4,061 Total number of regulated advisers as at 31 March 2008”

Immigration adviser regulator's expenditure

Immigration Advice Authority

Year£Read from
2015 3,613,358 OISC Annual Report 2015 to 2016
“The total expenditure for the year was £3,613,358 (2014/15: £4,015,251) of which £2,579,293 (2014/15: £2,630,804) were employment costs.”
2016 3,643,236 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2016 to 2017
“The total expenditure for the year was £3,643,236 (2015/16: £3,613,358) of which £2,516,456 (2015/16: £2,579,293) were employment costs.”

Candidates sitting the Level 1 immigration assessment

Immigration Advice Authority

YearcandidatesRead from
2015 572 OISC Annual Report 2015 to 2016
“In the 2015/16 business year 572 candidates took the Level 1 assessment, while 92 candidates took the assessment at Level 2 and 55 at Level 3.”
2016 466 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2016 to 2017
“Of the 466 candidates who took the Level 1 assessment, 168 (36%) were successful and 298 (64%) were unsuccessful.”
2017 519 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“Of the 519 candidates who sat the Level 1 assessment, 198 (38%) were successful and 321 (62%) were unsuccessful.”

Candidates passing the Level 1 immigration assessment

Immigration Advice Authority

YearcandidatesRead from
2016 168 OISC Annual Report and Accounts 2016 to 2017
“Of the 466 candidates who took the Level 1 assessment, 168 (36%) were successful and 298 (64%) were unsuccessful.”
2017 198 Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner Annual Report and Accounts 2017 to 2018
“Of the 519 candidates who sat the Level 1 assessment, 198 (38%) were successful and 321 (62%) were unsuccessful.”

Patent and trade mark attorneys

Attorneys on IPReg's registers

Intellectual Property Regulation Board

YearpeopleRead from
2017 2,927 IPReg Annual Report 2017
“6 4.3 Who we regulate: as at 31/12/2017 there were 2927 registered attorneys:”
2018 2,992 Annual Report 2018
“4.3 Who we regulate: as at 31 December 2018 there were 2,992 registered attorneys:”
2019 3,108 Annual Report 2019
“6 4.3 Who we regulate: as at 31 December 2019 there were 3108 registered attorneys of which:260 were registered as both a patent and a trade mark attorney, 2,108 registered as patent…”
2020 3,165 Annual Report 2020
“6 3.3 Who we regulate: as at 31 December 2020 there were 3165 registered attorneys of which: 248 were registered as both a patent and a trade mark attorney, 2157 registered as patent…”
2021 3,338 Annual Report 2021
“3.3 Who we regulate: as at 31 December 2021 there were 3,338 registered attorneys of which: 237 were registered as both a patent and a trade mark attorney, 2,317 registered as patent…”
2022 3,430 Annual Report 2022
“…were attorneys attorneys firms Patent Attorneys Trade Mark Attorneys As at 31 December 2022 there were: • 3,430 registered attorneys: 219 were registered as Patent attorneys make up just over two-thirds both a patent attorney and a trade…”
2023 3,589 Annual Report 2023
“As of 31 December 2023, there 837 trade mark attorneys (23.3%) and 209 (5.8%) were 3,589 attorneys on our registers (an increase people who were both a patent attorney and a of 159 from 31 December 2022):…”
2024 3,695 Annual Report 2024
“3,695 254 Total number Total number As of 31 December 2024, on our registers there of attorneys of firms were 3,695 attorneys (+106 on 2023) of which there were 2,631 patent attorneys (+ 88 on 2023), 861 trade mark attorneys (+24 on…”
2025 3,809 Annual Report 2025
“As at 31 December, there were Attorneys 3,809 (+114 on 2024) Firms on the registers 267 (+13 on 2024) Patent attorneys 2,730 (+99) Registered bodies 209 (+9)…”

Admissions to the attorney register

Intellectual Property Regulation Board

YearpeopleRead from
2019 173 Annual Report 2019
“In 2019, there were 173 admissions to the attorney register, 118 of these were patent attorneys (including one admission from a registrant already on the trade mark…”
2020 116 Annual Report 2020
“In 2020, there were 116 admissions to the attorney register, 70 of these were patent attorneys and 46 were trade mark attorneys.”
2021 258 Annual Report 2021
“3.4.2 In 2021, there were 258 admissions to the attorney register, 193 of these were patent attorneys and 47 were trade mark attorneys.”
2022 169 Annual Report 2022
“169 admissions to the register in 2022”
2023 225 Annual Report 2023
“No claims Individuals – attorneys have ever been made on the compensation fund In 2023, there were 225 admissions to the registers.”
2025 200 Annual Report 2025
“…Register Additionally, 19 new firms were admitted to the registers (+6 on 2024), 15 were registered bodies There were 200 individuals admitted to the (a firm owned by registered attorneys or other registers (+27 on 2024).”

IPReg income from attorneys' practice fees

Intellectual Property Regulation Board

Year£Read from
2017 587,887 IPReg Annual Report 2017
“Attorneys' Practice Fees £587,887”
2019 681,830 Annual Report 2019
“Attorneys' Practice Fees £681,830”
2020 702,608 Annual Report 2020
“Attorneys' Practice Fees £702,608”
2021 737,363 Annual Report 2021
“Attorneys' Practice Fees £737,363”
2022 755,813 Annual Report 2022
“Attorneys’ Practice Fees £755,813”
2023 833,305 Annual Report 2023
“Attorneys’ practice fees £833,305”
2024 921,708 Annual Report 2024
“Attorneys’ practice fees £921,708”

IPReg income from firms' practice fees

Intellectual Property Regulation Board

Year£Read from
2017 200,216 IPReg Annual Report 2017
“Regulated Bodies' Practice Fees £200,216”
2019 239,118 Annual Report 2019
“Regulated Bodies' Practice Fees £239,118”
2020 256,698 Annual Report 2020
“Regulated Bodies' Practice Fees £256,698”
2021 256,799 Annual Report 2021
“Regulated Bodies' Practice Fees £256,799”
2022 277,486 Annual Report 2022
“Regulated Bodies’ Practice Fees £277,486”
2023 303,739 Annual Report 2023
“Registered/licensed bodies’ practice fees £303,739”

Firms on IPReg's registers

Intellectual Property Regulation Board

YearfirmsRead from
2022 248 Annual Report 2022
“• 248 IPReg-regulated firms: 194 were registered bodies (lawyer-owned firms), 54 were licensed bodies (some non-lawyer ownership and/or…”
2024 254 Annual Report 2024
“There were 2,631 200 71% 79% 254 firms on the registers (- 1 on 2023), 200 were registered bodies (attorney-owned firms) and 54 licensed bodies (alternative business…”
2025 267 Annual Report 2025
“As at 31 December, there were Attorneys 3,809 (+114 on 2024) Firms on the registers 267 (+13 on 2024) Patent attorneys 2,730 (+99) Registered bodies 209 (+9) Trade mark attorneys 888 (+27)…”

Certificated enforcement agents

Complaints from the public closed by the ECB

Enforcement Conduct Board

YearcomplaintsRead from
2026 852 ECB Business Plan 2026 27
“By the end of March 2026, we had closed 852 complaints from members of the public.”

Enforcement firms the ECB has accredited

Enforcement Conduct Board

YearfirmsRead from
2024 40 ECB Business Plan
“Over 40 firms have now been accredited, across civil and High Court enforcement, with ECB accredited firms now accounting for over 95% of…”
2026 45 ECB Business Plan 2026 27
“• Commissioned and published qualitative research on vulnerability and The ECB has oversight of 45 accredited ability to pay with people with lived experience of enforcement and with Enforcement Agents themselves.”

People regulated across the whole legal profession

Legal Services Board

YearpeopleRead from
2011 147,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts for 2011/12
“…of views, we approved regulators, which themselves directly contributed to the Government's consultation regulated the circa 147,000 lawyers practising on possible reform of the regime for consumer throughout the jurisdiction.”
2012 148,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts for 2012/13
“…of market changes approved regulators, which themselves directly leading up to the implementation of the ABS regulated circa 148,000 lawyers practising regime.”
2013 163,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2013/14
“approved regulators, which themselves directly regulated the circa 163,000 lawyers practising The LSB's employees throughout the jurisdiction.”
2014 166,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2014/15
“…period approved regulators, which themselves directly This is summarised in Section A of this Annual regulated the circa 166,000 lawyers practising Report and Accounts.”
2015 170,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2015/16
“…approved regulators, who directly regulated the circa the year and it is only this group that influences 170,000 lawyers practising throughout the jurisdiction.”
2016 173,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2016/17
“…during approved regulators, who directly regulated the year and it is only this group that influences almost 173,000 lawyers practising throughout the decisions of the LSB as a whole.”
2017 177,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2017/18
“approved regulators, who directly regulated almost 177,000 lawyers practising throughout The LSB requires each Board Member to provide the jurisdiction.”
2018 177,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2018/19 (PDF)
“…the LSB approved regulators, who directly regulated Board who served during the year are shown in the almost 177,000 lawyers practising throughout Remuneration and Staff Report.”
2019 177,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2019/20
“…to provide approved regulators, collectively responsible for details of any company directorships and other regulating almost 177,000 lawyers practising in signifcant interests they hold and this is published England and Wales.”
2020 174,000 Annual report and accounts for the year ended 31 March 2021
“…to provide approved regulators, collectively responsible for details of any company directorships and other regulating almost 174,000 lawyers practising in significant interests they hold and this is published England and Wales.”
2021 184,569 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2021/22
“…oversee ten approved regulators, collectively responsible for The LSB requires each Board Member to provide regulating almost 184,569 lawyers practising in details of any company directorships and other England and Wales.”
2022 185,000 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2022/23
“…oversee ten approved regulators, collectively responsible for The LSB requires each Board Member to provide regulating over 185,000 lawyers practising in details of any company directorships and other England and Wales.”
2023 192,026 LSB Summary annual report and accounts 2023 to 2024
“Collectively, the regulators are responsible for regulating over 192,000 lawyers, as at April 2023, an increase of 3.4% from the prior year.”
2024 197,000 LSB Annual report and accounts 2024 to 2025
“…oversee nine approved regulators, collectively responsible for The LSB requires each Board Member to provide regulating over 197,000 lawyers practising in details of any company directorships and other England and Wales.”
2025 203,143 LSB Annual report and accounts 2025 to 2026
“approved regulators, collectively responsible for The Board sets the strategic direction of the LSB regulating over 203,143 lawyers practising in and is solely responsible for decisions taken by England and Wales.”

Legal Services Board levy, total

Legal Services Board

Year£mRead from
2016 3.998 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2015/16
“In order to fund our activities, the Lord Chancellor has agreed that a levy of £3.998m for 2016/17 may be raised from the approved regulators to fund our budget.”
2017 3.85 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2016/17
“…to fund our activities, the Lord Chancellor has agreed that a The Act also contains provision for the LSB to levy of £3.85m for 2017/18 may be raised from the be a licensing authority 'of last resort' if there is approved regulators to fund our…”
2018 3.8 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2017/18
“…and activities, the Lord Chancellor has agreed that a training of persons carrying out reserved legal levy of £3.8m for 2018/19 may be raised from the activities approved regulators to fund our budget.”
2022 4.287 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2021/22
“To fund our activities, the Lord Chancellor has agreed that a levy of £4.287m for 2022/23 may be raised from the approved regulators to fund our budget.”
2023 4.679 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2022/23
“To fund our activities, the Lord Chancellor has agreed that a levy of £4.679m for 2023/24 may be raised from the approved regulators to fund our budget.”
2024 5.142 LSB Annual report and accounts 2024 to 2025
“The average levy of £26.09 per authorised person is calculated based on £5.142m billed to approved regulators in 2024/25, up from £4.647m in 2023/24.”
2025 5.873 LSB Annual report and accounts 2024 to 2025
“To fund our activities, we have proposed to the Lord Chancellor that a levy of £5.873m for 2025/26 (not including the prior year rebate) may be raised from the approved regulators to fund our budget.”

Legal Services Board levy, per authorised person

Legal Services Board

Year£Read from
2021 22.11 LSB Annual Report and Accounts 2022/23
“…of the purpose and activities of the LSB Our purpose activities, our levy in 2022/23 corresponded to £22.80 per person (2021/22 £22.11).”
2022 22.8 LSB Annual report and accounts 2023 to 2024
“Statement of the purpose and activities of the LSB Our purpose £24.20 per person (2022/23 £22.80).”
2023 24.2 LSB Annual report and accounts 2024 to 2025
“…averaged across all those authorised to undertake reserved activities, our levy in 2024/25 corresponded to £26.09 per person (2023/24 £24.20).”
2024 26.09 LSB Annual report and accounts 2024 to 2025
“By way of illustration, if averaged across all those authorised to undertake reserved activities, our levy in 2024/25 corresponded to £26.09 per person (2023/24 £24.20).”
2025 27.88 LSB Annual report and accounts 2025 to 2026
“By way of illustration, if averaged across all those authorised to undertake reserved activities, our levy in 2025/26 corresponded to £27.88 per person (2024/25: £26.09 ).”

Complaints resolved by the Legal Ombudsman

Legal Ombudsman

YearcomplaintsRead from
2020 4,702 Annual Report 2021-22
“Across the year as a whole LeO resolved 6,576 cases against 4,702 in 2020/21.”
2021 6,576 Annual Report 2021-22
“Across the year as a whole LeO resolved 6,576 cases against 4,702 in 2020/21.”
2023 7,918 Annual Report 2023-24
“In 2023/24: • LeO reduced the number of people waiting for an investigation by 21.2% to 3,376, • LeO resolved 7,918 complaints – achieving following a 27% reduction in 2022/23.”
2024 8,270 Annual Report 2024-25
“• LeO resolved 8,270 complaints – performing • Additionally, developments in reporting mean at the upper end of its business plan forecast…”
2025 8,199 OLC Annual Report and Accounts 2025/26
“Report from the Chief Ombudsman A service delivering, but under pressure LeO resolved 8,199 complaints in 2025/26, remaining within the 2025/26 Business Plan performance ranges despite sustained and accelerating…”

Complaints where the firm's own handling was found poor

Legal Ombudsman

Year%Read from
2023 46 Business Plan and Budget 2025-26
“In 2023/24 LeO found evidence of poor service first-tier complaints handling in 46% of complaints it investigated.”

New complaints received by the Legal Ombudsman

Legal Ombudsman

YearcomplaintsRead from
2025 14,000 OLC Annual Report and Accounts 2025/26
“During the year, we received more than 14,000 new customer complaints – an increase of 37% Complaints resolved in 2025/26 on 2024/25 (more than 10,400) – representing thousands…”

What they publish, and when

A hundred and six documents from six regulators is also a body of evidence about the regulators. Read sideways rather than downwards, it says who publishes what, how long they take, and what they have quietly stopped publishing.

Nobody publishes everything

Seven things a regulator could tell you about the profession it regulates. 16 of the 42 cells below are empty.

RegulatorHow many there areHow many joinedHow many complainedWhat was done about itWhat regulation costsWho the profession isHow it is checked
The Faculty Office 2017–20262025–20262026–2026—2018–20252011–20232021–2024
Immigration Advice Authority 2006–20082015–20172001–20242001–20132015–2016——
Enforcement Conduct Board 2024–2026—2026–2026————
Council for Licensed Conveyancers 2025–20262010–20102018–2023—2011–2024—2015–2023
Intellectual Property Regulation Board 2017–20252019–2025——2017–2024——
Costs Lawyer Standards Board 2025–20252025–20252011–2025—2025–20252023–2023—

A range is the span of years this site could read, not a claim that the regulator published nothing else. An em dash means nothing at all could be read for that regulator on that question.

“2025” means two different years

Three of these regulators close their year on 31 March and three on 31 December, so no two of the columns above are quite aligned: The Faculty Office to 31 March, Immigration Advice Authority to 31 March, Enforcement Conduct Board to 31 March, Council for Licensed Conveyancers to 31 December, Intellectual Property Regulation Board to 31 December, Costs Lawyer Standards Board to 31 December. That is why nothing on this site is added across regulators.

How long they take

Months between the end of the period a document reports on and the file appearing on the regulator’s website, for documents that look backwards.

RegulatorDocuments FastestMedian Slowest
The Faculty Office 18 1 mo 6 mo 31 months — Faculty Office 'Core Metrics 2020
Council for Licensed Conveyancers 22 0 mo 4 mo 49 months — CLC Annual Accounts 2013
Intellectual Property Regulation Board 4 7 mo 7 mo 7 months — Annual Report At-A-Glance 2025
Costs Lawyer Standards Board 9 1 mo 3 mo 54 months — 250612 Diversity Data for CLQ intake 2020 2024 June 2025

Measured from the upload date in each file’s own path, which is not the publication date: a document re-uploaded years later carries the later path. So the median is meaningful and the “slowest” column is mostly re-uploads. The gov.uk publications carry no such path and are not measured.

What they used to publish

22 of the 56 measures here have no figure for 2024 or later. Some of those are surveys on a multi-year cycle. Others are series a regulator simply stopped.

MeasureRegulatorRan Years
Advisers the regulator authorises Immigration Advice Authority 2006–2008 3
Candidates sitting CLC examinations Council for Licensed Conveyancers 2010–2010 1
Candidates achieving the CLC pass mark Council for Licensed Conveyancers 2010–2010 1
Prosecutions for unregulated immigration advice Immigration Advice Authority 2001–2013 13
Formal cautions administered instead of prosecution Immigration Advice Authority 2001–2013 13
Immigration adviser regulator's expenditure Immigration Advice Authority 2015–2016 2
Candidates sitting the Level 1 immigration assessment Immigration Advice Authority 2015–2017 3
Candidates passing the Level 1 immigration assessment Immigration Advice Authority 2016–2017 2
Immigration complaints received, all sources Immigration Advice Authority 2001–2019 18
Faculty Office deficit The Faculty Office 2018–2020 3
Legal Ombudsman enquiries about CLC-regulated practices Council for Licensed Conveyancers 2018–2023 6
Ombudsman cases accepted for investigation Council for Licensed Conveyancers 2018–2023 6
IPReg income from firms' practice fees Intellectual Property Regulation Board 2017–2023 6
Monitoring inspections by the CLC Council for Licensed Conveyancers 2015–2023 5
Women in the notarial profession The Faculty Office 2011–2023 2
Notaries who attended a fee-paying school The Faculty Office 2020–2023 2
Women among notaries with under five years' experience The Faculty Office 2023–2023 1
Notaries from an ethnic minority background The Faculty Office 2023–2023 1
Notaries identifying as having a disability The Faculty Office 2023–2023 1
Women among costs lawyers responding to the CLSB survey Costs Lawyer Standards Board 2023–2023 1
Costs lawyers responding to the CLSB survey who are Black, Asian, mixed or another ethnic minority Costs Lawyer Standards Board 2023–2023 1
Complaints where the firm's own handling was found poor Legal Ombudsman 2023–2023 1

And only one of them can be made to answer

Everything above was read from something a regulator chose to publish. Where one chose not to, the Freedom of Information Act reaches 1 of the 6 publishers here: only the Immigration Advice Authority, whose statutory office is listed in Schedule 1 to the Act. The other five are not public authorities and no request compels them. Which bodies are covered, and the two ways round it.

The library

Every document read, with its link. 5 of them are scans with no text layer and yielded nothing; they are listed anyway, because a reader looking for them should not have to discover their absence twice.

The Faculty Office

Regulator of notaries, under the Public Notaries Act 1801 and the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 s.57.

Council for Licensed Conveyancers

Approved regulator and licensing authority for licensed conveyancers, under the Administration of Justice Act 1985.

Intellectual Property Regulation Board

Approved regulator for patent attorneys and trade mark attorneys, under the Legal Services Act 2007.

Costs Lawyer Standards Board

Approved regulator for costs lawyers, under the Legal Services Act 2007.

Immigration Advice Authority

Regulator of immigration advisers, under the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999. Known as the Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner until 2025.

Legal Services Board

Oversight regulator for every approved regulator in England and Wales, under the Legal Services Act 2007. It regulates the regulators, is funded by a levy on them, and assesses each one's performance.

Legal Ombudsman

The Office for Legal Complaints, operating as the Legal Ombudsman, under the Legal Services Act 2007. It resolves service complaints about any regulated legal provider in England and Wales, whichever regulator authorises them.

Enforcement Conduct Board

Voluntary oversight body for civil enforcement, set up in 2022. Not a statutory regulator: it accredits firms, and an agent's certificate still comes from a County Court judge.

How this was done

Each regulator’s publications page was read, and the links on it filtered by rules written per publisher — six governance pages carry 588 PDFs between them, and most are forms, rules, agendas and meeting minutes. The 157 that survived were downloaded, converted to text with the page layout kept, and cached, so that a figure can be re-read without fetching anything again.

Nothing is totalled across regulators. The Faculty Office counts a Roll at 1 April, the Council for Licensed Conveyancers a licence at 31 March and IPReg a registration at 31 December; adding those would produce a number no one published and no one could check. How the rest of the site is built.